Проект Коваленко Юлии
                                               Michael Faraday

Michael Faraday was born on 22 September 1791, was a scientist, chemist, physicist and philosopher who greatly contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His main discoveries include that of the Magnetic Field, Induction, Diamagnetism and Electrolysis

As a chemist, Faraday discovered benzene, investigated the clathrate hydrate of chlorine, invented an early form of the Bunsen burner and the system of oxidation numbers, and popularised terminology such as anode, cathode, electrode, and ion. Faraday ultimately became the first and foremost Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, a life-time position.

The SI unit of capacitance, the farad, 

is named in his honour.   

    Faraday was born in Newington Butts, which is now part of the 

London Borough of Southwark, but which was then a suburban part of 

Surrey. His family was not well off; his father, James, was a member of the 

Glassite sect of Christianity. James Faraday moved his wife and two 

children to London during the winter of 1790 from Outhgill in Westmorland,

 where he had been an apprentice to the village blacksmith. Michael was

 born the autumn of that year. The young Michael Faraday, who was the 

third of four children, having only the most basic school education, had to 

mainly educate himself. At fourteen he became the apprentice to George 

Riebau, a local bookbinder and bookseller in Blandford Street. During his 

seven-year apprenticeship he read many books, including Isaac Watts' 

The Improvement of the Mind, and he enthusiastically implemented the

 principles and suggestions contained therein. At this time he also 

developed an interest in science, especially in electricity. Faraday was 

particularly inspired by the book Conversations on Chemistry by Jane Marcet.

Faraday married Sarah Barnard on 12 June 1821. They met through their families at the

 Sandemanian church, and he confessed his faith to the Sandemanian congregation the 

month after they were married. They had no children.

Faraday's earliest chemical work was as an assistant to Humphry Davy. Faraday was specifically involved in the study of chlorine; he discovered two new compounds of chlorine and carbon. He also conducted the first rough experiments on the diffusion of gases, a phenomenon that was first pointed out by John Dalton, and the physical importance of which was more fully brought to light by Thomas Graham and Joseph Loschmidt. Faraday succeeded in liquefying several gases, investigated the alloys of steel, and produced several new kinds of glass intended for optical purposes. A specimen of one of these heavy glasses subsequently became historically important; when the glass was placed in a magnetic field Faraday determined the rotation of the plane of polarisation of light. This specimen was also the first substance found to be repelled by the poles of a magnet.

Faraday died at his house at Hampton Court on 25 August 1867 aged 75

 years and 11 months. He had previously turned down burial in Westminster

 Abbey, but he has a memorial plaque there, near Isaac Newton's tomb. Faraday

 was interred in the dissenters' (non-Anglican) section of Highgate Cemetery.

A statue of Faraday stands in Savoy Place,  London, outside the Institution of

 Engineering and Technology. Also in London, the Michael Faraday Memorial, 

designed by brutalist architect Rodney Gordon and completed in 1961, is at 

the Elephant & Castle gyratory system, near Faraday's birthplace at Newington 

Butts.