Проект Никилева Александра:

                                              Omsk

 Omsk is a city and the administrative center of Omsk Oblast, Russia, located in southwestern Siberia 2,236 kilometers from Moscow. With a population of over 1.1 million, it is Russia's second-largest city east of the Ural Mountains after Novosibirsk, and seventh by size nationally

Omsk is the administrative center of the Siberian Cossack Host. It also serves as the see of the bishop of Omsk and Tara, as well as the administrative seat of the Imam of Siberia.

Omsk stretches along on the banks of the north-flowing Irtysh at its confluence with the smaller Om River. The city has an elevation of 87 meters above mean sea level at its highest point.

The architectural centerpiece of the city is an ensemble of buildings along Lyubinsky Avenue/Lenina Street, anchored by the former Gostiny Dvor, and flanked by two chapels. The area is an eclectic mix of architectural styles, dominated by Art-Nouveau, Neoclassical and Second Empire. The Drama Theater gives a good example of the latter. Soviet Era additions run the gamut from Constructivist to Stalinist to Brutalist.

Closer to the confluence of the Om and the Irtysh are the few surviving sombre buildings of the 18th-century fortress. The largest and most opulent church in the city is the Dormition Cathedral, a five-domed edifice in the Russian Revival style, consecrated in 1896, demolished by the Soviets, and restored in the early first decade of the 21st century.

As a prominent educational center, Omsk has a large number of museums, theaters, music venues, and educational institutions.

Among Omsk's museums, the most notable are:

The State Museum of Regional History

The Dostoyevsky Museum of Literature

The Vrubel Museum of Fine Arts

The Military Museum Complex

The Kondraty Belov Art Museum

The Liberov Center for Art

Theaters include the Omsk Opera, The Omsk Theater of Drama, The Omsk Circus, and a number of smaller venues.

Omsk is a major rail, road, and air hub. The city is served by a station on the Trans-Siberian Railroad, and by the Tsentralny Airport. Additionally, Omsk possesses a river port on the Irtysh, offering service to domestic destinations and to cities within Kazakhstan.

Municipal Transport consists of a large bus and trolley, and tram networks, although the latter of these has deteriorated severely since the collapse of the USSR. Marshrutkas supplement municipal transit networks.

Omsk is home to many institutions of higher learning and several universities:

ANO - Institute of Economics and Energetics

AKSI, Aksyonov Institute of Law and Economics, West Siberian department

Law and Economics Institut                            

Omsk Academy of Law

Omsk Academy of MVD Rossija

Omsk Aviation Technical School

Omsk Foreign Language Institute

Omsk Medical Academy

Omsk State Transport University (1961)

Omsk State Agrarian University (1918) (connected with Omsk State Veterinary Institute and Institute of Agribusiness and Continuing Education)

Omsk State Pedagogical University

Omsk State University (1974)

Omsk Institute of Consumer Service Technology

Omsk State Technical University (1942)

SibADI - Siberian State Automobile and Highway Academy

SibGUFK - Siberian Academy of Physical Culture

Siberian Institute of Business and Information Technology

Sovremennyi Gomunitarnyi University

SIBNFOR - Siberian Stock Market Institute

Vocabulary

Located- расположен

Size- размер

Bishop – епископ

Stretches – тянется

Banks – банки

Confluence – слияния

Elevation – высота

Centerpiece – гуляш

Ensemble – ансамбль

Anchored – якорь

Former – бывший

Flanked – окруженный

Dominated – доминируют

Additions – дополнения

Gamut – гамма

Opulent – роскошная

Edifice – здание

Consecrated – освящен

Demolished – снесена

Restored – восстановлены

Decade – десятилетие

Prominent – известный

Venues – объекты

Notable – заметный

Possesses – обладает

Offering – предлагая

Domestic – внутренний

Severely – серьезно

Supplement – Возможно

Project Galiulina Christine

London is the capital of England, the capital of Great Britain, and the capital of the United Kingdom. It is the largest town in Europe and one of the oldest towns in the world. The old Celts gave it its name, the Romans! made it the centre of their new colony, the Germanic invaders tried to burn and to destroy it, the victorious Normans made it the capital of the country.

  

The central part of London is full of historical remains. Nearly every building, every bridge, every street, palace, house, and stone — each of them has its own story, its own past. In London past and present are so mixed together that they cannot easily be separated and when you are in London you see the past in the present and the present in the past.

The oldest part of London is called the City. In the City the streets and pavements are very narrow and the traffic is very heavy on weekdays. That is because the most important London firms and banks have offices there. But at weekends the City is almost dead.

The most fashionable and the most expensive part to live in is the West End. It is situated between the City and Hyde Park. The City and the West End are the heart of London; they are the parts which everybody who comes to London must see and wants to see, because they are more interesting than any other part of London. All the most interesting buildings, shops and offices are situated here.

The Tower of London, the Bank of England, the Mansion House where the Lord Mayor lives, the Law Courts, and many interesting old churches are situated in the City. The Houses of Parliament with Big Ben, Westminster Abbey, the National Gallery and many theatres and good shops are in the West End.

London has many bridges over the Thames, more than twenty but the most interesting of them all is the Tower Bridge situated near the Tower of London.

The Tower of London is an old castle, with high walls, high towers, small windows and large gardens. Once it was a royal residence, a strong fortress and a state prison. Here many important people, among them two wives of Henry VIII, were imprisoned and beheaded.

One of the oldest and the most famous places of London is St. Paul's Cathedral. It has been destroyed and rebuilt several times since the original construction in the 7th century. It stands in the centre of the so-called Little Britain. A large part of Little Britain was destroyed during the war: the houses that were close to the Cathedral's walls disappeared and for the first time in centuries St. Paul's Cathedral's beauty can be seen.

Vocabulary

capital - столица

largest- крупнейших

destroy - ничтожить

victorious - победоносный

country- страны

historical-исторический

building- здание

bridge- мост

street- улица

palace- дворец

house- дом

oldest - старый

called - называемый

pavements- тротуары

important- важный

weekdays- будни

fashionable- будни

expensive- дорогой

churches- церкви

destroyed - разрушенный

rebuilt- перестроенный

 PROJECT Julia Kovalenko, Sweden

 

  

The flag of Switzerland consists of a red flag with a white cross in the centre. It is one of only two square sovereign-state flags, the other being the flag of the Vatican City.Only the dimensions of the cross are formally established since 1889: "The coat of arms of the federation is, within a red field, an upright white cross, whose arms of equal length are one and a sixth times as long as they are wide. "

  

The coat of arms of Switzerland shows the same white Greek cross as the flag of Switzerland, but on a red shield. The appearance of the coat of arms or shield varies greatly, but the federal resolution of 12 December 1889 on the coat of arms decrees that the four arms have equal lengths, in a ratio to their width of 7:6, and includes a drawing of the coat of arms.Like the Swiss flag, the coat of arms is used on many items, such as Swiss francs, Swiss car number plates, and Swiss-branded exports such as Swiss Army knives.The Coat of Arms of Switzerland is a white Greek cross on a red shield and surrounded by a wreath and tied with a banner. In Blazon, Gules, a Greek Cross Argent and surrounded by a wreath and tied with a banner.

 
Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in western Europe, where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.

 

 

Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8 million people is concentrated mostly on the Plateau, where the largest cities are to be found. Among them are the two global cities and economic centres of Zurich and Geneva.  
 

The Swiss Confederation has a long history of armed neutrality — it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002. It pursues, however, an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. Switzerland is also the birthplace of the Red Cross and home to a large number of international organizations, including the second largest UN office. On the European level, it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association and is part of the Schengen Area – although it is notably not a member of the European Union, nor the European Economic Area.

Switzerland is one of the richest countries in the world by per capita gross domestic product, and has the highest wealth per adult (financial and non-financial assets) of any country in the world. Zurich and Geneva have respectively been ranked as the cities with the second and third highest quality of life in the world. It has the world's nineteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and the thirty-sixth largest by purchasing power parity. It is the twentieth largest exporter and eighteenth largest importer of goods.

 Switzerland comprises three main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, and Italian, to which the Romansh-speaking valleys are added. The Swiss, therefore, though predominantly German-speaking, do not form a nation in the sense of a common ethnic or linguistic identity. The strong sense of belonging to the country is founded on the common historical background, shared values (federalism and direct democracy) and Alpine symbolism. The establishment of the Swiss Confederation is traditionally dated to 1 August 1291; Swiss National Day is celebrated on the anniversary.

 Vocabulary

Consists – состоит

Cross – пересекать

square sovereign - площадь суверенного

dimensions – размеры

established – установленный

upright – вертикально

equal length - одинаковой длины

appearance - внешний вид

varies – меняется

decrees – указы

surrounded – окруженный

landlocked - имеющих выхода к морю

divided between - разделена между

spanning – охватывающей

occupy – занимать

approximately – приблизительно

concentrated – концентрированный

armed neutrality - вооруженный нейтралитет

pursues – преследует

peace-building processes around - процессах миростроительства вокруг

notably - особенно

richest - богатых

gross domestic - валовой внутренний

wealth per adult (financial and non-financial assets) - богатство взрослого (финансовые и нефинансовые активы)

respectively been ranked - соответственно, занимает первое место

purchasing - покупка

predominantly – преимущественно

belonging - принадлежащий

anniversary - юбилей